Variación de caracteres de planta y fruto en chile costeño (Capsicum annuum L.) nativo mexicano

Resumo

Variation of plant and fruits traits in costeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) native from Mexico

In a collection of pepper costeño conserved by indigenous producers from the municipalities of Santa Maria Tonameca and Santo Domingo of Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico, a description and classification of the agromorphological variation was undertaken, by a characterization in greenhouse of 46 populations distributed under a complete randomized block design with three replications. Days to first flowering, planta and fruit traits and yielding per plant were evaluated. In the analysis of variance were detected significant differences over all traits, except to plant height at 120 days after planting. In the principal component analysis, the variables green and dry weight of 15 fruits, average weight of fruit, number of fruits and yield per planta were the characters of major descriptive values from the total phenotypic variance. In addition, two patterns of agromorphological variation were determined; one of them it was highly variable and integrated with pepper populations from La Oscurana, Villa Unión and San Juanito communities, and other by populations less variables such as those from the Las Pilas. These phenotypic patterns were confirmed in the cluster analysis, where five phenotypic groups were different statistically. Complementarily, an inverse relation were determined between number of fruits per plant and average weight of fruit; and ten costeño pepper populations presented high agronomic potential; yield major than 500 g per plant, more than 100 fruits per plant and an average weight major to 3.9 g per fruit.

Keywords: Phenotypic diversity, plant genetic resources, characterization, multivariate analysis.